These three types of storage interfaces serve as the infrastructure for your data transfers: SATA, SAS, NVMe.
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)
SATA is the oldest and cheapest interface. Your daughter might call it “basic.” It’s the county roads you drive on when grandma’s in the car and you’re not in a rush. SATA interfaces deliver data through a high-speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors. Back in the 90s, this was a remarkable improvement to interfaces that used parallel data streams. By transmitting data serially, SATA was able to wrap multiple bits into packets and move the data faster than ever before. And while they may not be the most state-of-the-art option today, SATA interfaces are still used in almost every laptop you see on the market.
In a server environment, SATA does come with a few drawbacks. Most notably, SATA can’t read and write simultaneously because it only features half-duplex capabilities. It also has less functionality for error recovery and reporting. So for light workloads involving cold (rarely accessed) data, SATA is a great bargain. However, at the enterprise level, you’re more likely to want SAS channels for your more demanding workloads.
Ultimately, SATA is your best choice when cost is more important in your storage interface decision than performance. For more complex workloads requiring higher performance, you’ll likely want to upgrade to SAS.
SAS (Serial Attached SCSI)
SAS was the natural evolution of SATA once solid state drives came into play. It’s the highway you take on your daily commute to work: you ought to get there on time, but you’re not going to break your back to see Karen in accounting two minutes earlier.
The main difference between SAS and SATA is the point-to-point serial protocol. With SAS, controllers are linked directly to the drive; it also enables the connection of up to 128 different devices via thinner and longer cables. Plus, SAS has full-duplex capabilities supporting simultaneous read and write tasks at high speeds.
For these reasons, SAS is the most common storage interface in data centers. It’s reliable, gives you a great speed-to-cost ratio, and features built-in error checking for end-to-end data integrity. And SAS can also be configured to operate in the same environment as SATA. So you can use SAS drives for your hot (frequently accessed) data, while leveraging the cost advantage of SATA drives for colder data.
Choose SAS if you want to meet the industry standard today. And if you’re looking farther down the road, consider NVMe.
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express)
Your daughter’s dance recital starts in 15 minutes and the shaky phone recording’s not going to cut it. You need to get there now, no matter the cost. For enterprises that need heavy duty compute power, there’s no better performer than the NVMe storage interface. It costs a pretty penny, but it’s worth it if speed is your primary decision factor.
NVMe’s were invented to address a burgeoning problem for server manufacturers. In the early 2000’s, the first PCIe bus offered significant increases in bandwidth because it attached directly to the CPU. Unfortunately, this bandwidth was bottlenecked by storage interfaces that were designed for hard disk drives. So NVMe was created to future-proof the interface and take full advantage of advancements in server technology.
NVMe sits directly between the device driver and the PCIe device, enabling low latency, scalability, and security. This allows them to deliver up to 4 times better I/O operations per second than the most advanced SAS interfaces. Additionally, by enabling drives to use the same “pool” of lanes connected to the CPU, NVMe significantly increases scalability. From a cost standpoint, NVMe can greatly reduce power consumption and improve security to meet standards like the Opal and Enterprise SSC (Security Subsystem Class) specifications.
While this powerful new storage interface has yet to become the standard in server storage interface technology, it is certainly the next big thing. So if you want to set up your storage environment to exceed the status quo in ten years, it’s worth investing in NVMe now.
Information from HPE.
